Rousseau s Views On The State Of Nature And Civilization

In this essay, I will compare the contrasting views between Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau based on the state of nature and civilization. Rousseau was seen as an optimist who viewed human nature as good (â€Å"Noble Savage†) and believed that civilization corrupted us; While, Hobbes thought the complete opposite believing that humans in their natural state were selfish creatures purely interested in themselves and that government is imperative in keeping us in check. Throughout this essay, I will further explain their differing ideas and I will show how I view and interpret them as well. As I’ve stated before, Jean Jacque-Rousseau and Hobbes have contrasting views when it comes to the state of nature. Rousseau held an optimistic view of the state of nature. He viewed humans who lived in early times as â€Å"Noble Savages† and that man was â€Å"naturally good.† Rousseau viewed individuals who lived in a state of nature were happier, healthier, self-sufficient and had the freedom to do as they desired. To live in a state of nature was to live a simple life focused on family, self-love, and self-preservation. Rousseau believed we were better off in a state of nature, where as civilization corrupts us. Had Thomas Hobbes been alive during Rousseau’s time, or vice-versa, they would have been the greatest of rivals. Hobbes was a psychological egoist and materialist who saw human beings as selfish creatures who do things out of their own self interest. He had pessimistic views on theShow MoreRelatedThomas Hobbes And Jean Jacques Rousseau1728 Words   |  7 PagesHobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau are both considered Enlightenment thinkers, their ideas vary greatly in the political continuum. Both of their theories have certain components which may appear to be symmetric, but upon closer examination, their differences stem from the very way in which they view human nature. From there, each man builds up to the creation of a commonwealth in a way that reflects which type of government they support. The political theories of Hobbes and Rousseau share many common aspectsRead MoreIs Outsourcing A Refugee Crisis?1544 Words   |  7 PagesThe authors I chose to focus on are Thomas Hobb es and Jean Jacques Rousseau. From the readings â€Å"Leviathan† by Thomas Hobbes (CITE) and â€Å"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality† by Jean Jacques Rousseau (CITE), both authors have similar but yet very different viewpoints on ideas they have made. The ideas I will be comparing and contrasting between these two philosophers are their different beliefs and understandings on the state of nature and the social contract. The media objective I have chosen to focusRead MoreThe Seatbelt Law, By Thomas Hobbes, And Jean Jacques Rousseau1262 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States commute daily to work, and to run their errands. In almost every state in the United States, wearing a seatbelt is required. Many people ask why they should have to wear a seatbelt in their private vehicles, while others agree that everybody definitely should wear their seatbelt. Should the government be able to create and enforce this laws such as this one on the public? This paper will discuss the seatbelt law, the views of philosophers Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, andRead MoreRousseau s Influence On Politics And Literature1991 Words   |  8 Pagesand other drafts that he had made of the constitutions for both Poland and Corsica. Generally, Rousseau is seen as a moralist rather than a metaphysician in the sense that he is unavoidable while learning about history and political influence in relation to the French revolution and as well a political theorist. His thoughts are well thought out and begin with the assumption that human beings by nature are good and observations that on the other hand in society we are not good, and that the fallRead MoreThe Theories And Beliefs Of The Enlightenment Era1168 Words   |  5 Pagescalled the Age of Reason, brought about many astonishing works deliberating the nature of human beings. As times progressed to the age of Enlightenment the different ideas surfaced changing the way humans thought of themselves. Philosophers of the time believed in the essential goodness of human nature, this was based on the scientific and technological achievements. However, Rousseau claimed the development of civilization corrupted the natural goodness of humans. The beliefs during the age of EnlightenmentRead MoreRousseaus General Will and Well-Ordered Society2948 Words   |  12 PagesThe belief that man, by nature, is good was espoused by the French philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). He believed that people in the state of nature were innocent and at their best and that they were corrupted by the unnaturalness of civilization. In the state of nature, people lived entirely for themselves, possessed an absolute independence, and were content. According to Rousseau, in the state of nature, people tended to be isolated, war was absent, and their desiresRead MoreThe Social Contract: Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe Social Contract The three philosophers, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were three key thinkers of political philosophy. The three men helped develop the social contract theory into what it is in this modern day and age. The social contract theory was the creation of Hobbes who created the idea of a social contract theory, which Locke and Rousseau built upon. Their ideas of the social contract were often influenced by the era in which they lived and social issues thatRead MoreEssay on Rousseaus Philosophy in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1262 Words   |  6 PagesIn Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, the titular character states that If [mans] impulses were confined to hunger, thirst and desire, [he] might nearly be free (Shelley, 97). With this assertion, Victor imparts his belief that man is most content in the state of nature; a state where only his most primal needs must be fulfilled in order to be satisfied. Man in his natural state is the central topic in Jean-Jacques Roussea us philosophic essay A Discourse on Inequality, an academic work that had tremendousRead MoreRousseau s Hypothetical State Of Nature1417 Words   |  6 PagesBy comparison, Rousseau’s hypothetical State of Nature, theory of human nature, and resulting sovereign was quite different. While Rousseau also considered humans to be savages existing without a state, to him they were essentially free to do what they would, content, equal, and living in peace, uncorrupted by the modern progress of civilization. Physical freedom, however, came not without limitations, such as the preclusion of the existence of rationality and morality. People wandered nomadicallyRead MoreHow Does Private Property Begin1140 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Rousseau the state of nature which he mentioned was suppositious, primordial habitation where humans live uncontaminated by the society. He said men are born with the blank face which is neither good nor bad, but the society and social environme nt in which he is brought up plays an important role in shaping their nature. People have complete physical and emotional freedom for doing anything in society. But he also mentioned some of the drawbacks of humans are that they have not yet

Green Technology Definition and Examples

Green technology, also known as sustainable technology, takes into account the long- and short-term impact something has on the environment. Green products are by definition, environmentally friendly. Energy efficiency, recycling, health and safety concerns, renewable resources, and more all go into the making of a green product or technology. Go Green or Face Extinction? Since the invention of the steam engine kicked off the Industrial Revolution, our planet has suffered rapid changes in climate that include increasingly severe droughts, increased depletion of groundwater reserves, seawater acidification, rising seawater levels, the rapid spread of diseases and macroparasites, and the extinction of species.  Unless we intervene, these changes may prove irreversible. Green technology offers us the best hope to counteract the effects of climate change and pollution. Why? The world has a fixed amount of natural resources, some of which have already been depleted or ruined. For example, household batteries and electronics often contain dangerous chemicals that pollute soil and groundwater with chemicals that cannot be removed from our drinking water supply and wind up in food crops and livestock grown on contaminated soil. The health risks alone are staggering. Plastic pollutants are another nonsustainable resource thats destroying the ocean habitats of sea creatures around the world—killing off fish, birds, and countless other species. Larger pieces pose choking and strangulation hazards, while the tiny particles of disintegrating plastic are making their way into the bottom of the food chain. As larger fish feed on contaminated krill, they too become contaminated and if those fish are subsequently harvested for human consumption, the contaminants are going to wind up on your plate and in your stomach. Not so appetizing, right? Fast Facts: Principles of Sustainability There are three principles which define sustainability in any type of material, as described by the American ecologist and economist Herman Daly:  Nonrenewable resources should not be depleted at rates higher than the development rate of renewable substitutes.Renewable resources should not be exploited at a rate higher than their regeneration levels.The absorption and regeneration capacity of the natural environment should not be exceeded. Renewable Energy vs. Nonrenewable Energy Nonrenewable energy resources include nuclear, hydrogen, coal, natural gas, and oil. All of these currently fail the definition of sustainability in one way or another but most painfully in the ability of the environment to absorb and regenerate the expenses related to their extraction or production.   One of the best-known examples of green technology is the solar cell, which directly converts energy from natural light into electrical energy via the process of photovoltaics. Generating electricity from solar energy equates to less consumption of fossil fuels, as well as the reduction of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. While some detractors argue that solar panels are expensive and unattractive, new inventions may be just around the corner to offset these concerns. Community solar groups, in which renters will share solar panel products, and new spray-on photovoltaic film using perovskites that have the potential to convert regular window glass to solar collectors are just two possibilities on the horizon that show great promise for the future of solar assets.   Other renewable energy sources include hydro, biomass, wind, and geothermal, but unfortunately, these assets are not currently be exploited at adequate levels to replace nonrenewable sources. Some members of the energy industry are dead set against going green, while others see it as both a challenge and an opportunity.  The bottom line is that while non-renewable energy resources currently comprise 80 percent of the worlds energy requirements, over time, thats simply not going to sustainable.  If we hope to maintain life on our planet, emerging green energy technology must be used alongside existing methods to transition from the unsustainable to the sustainable. The Power of Positive Green Thinking Here a just a few reasons why going green is in everyones best interest: Inventors should know that green inventions and clean technologies are good business. These are fast-growing markets with growing profits.Consumers should know that buying green inventions can reduce energy bills and are often safer and healthier than non-green counterparts.  Even making small changes can have a large-term impact. For instance, consider the waste created by plastic water bottles. Of course, drinking lots of water is a healthy practice but changing out reusable water bottles for disposable ones is health-promoting, eco-friendly, and green. Sources   Cedeà ±o-Laurent, J.G., et al. Building Evidence for Health: Green Buildings, Current Science, and Future Challenges. Annual Review of Public Health 39.1 (2018): 291-308. Print.Hesketh, Robert P. Introduction to Sustainable and Green Engineering: General Principles and Targets. Encyclopedia of Sustainable Technologies. Ed. Abraham, Martin A. Oxford: Elsevier, 2017. 497-507. Print.Oncel, Suphi S. Green Energy Engineering: Opening a Green Way for the Future. Journal of Cleaner Production 142 (2017): 3095-100. Print.Tonn, B., and P. Carpenter. Technology for Sustainability. Encyclopedia of Ecology. Eds. Jà ¸rgensen, Sven Erik, and Brian D. Fath. Oxford: Academic Press, 2008. 3489-93. Print.Worland, Justin. Inside the New Technology That Could Transform the Solar Power Industry. Time, 2018. Web

Collective Bargaining Free Essays

Collective bargaining is method that some employers use to negotiate with employees. Collective bargaining does not exist in every organization. However, each organization that contributes to collective bargaining must ensure they are complying with different laws. We will write a custom essay sample on Collective Bargaining or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will explain the right to work laws with an analysis of the provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act, an explanation of the National Labor Board, and evaluate Human Resources, products, and services in collective bargaining. The Taft Hartley Act is another shield that protects a union in the organization. The Labor –Management Relations Act (Taft Hartley Act) of 1947, places the federal government in a watchdog position to ensure that union-management relations are fair by both parties (Byars Rue, 2004). With the Taft Hartley Act, management and unions can share a balance of power. The major provisions of the act include the addition of the so-called free speech clause and prohibition of secondary boycotts. This clause allows management to speak freely about unions without retaliation. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is a five-member created by the National Labor Relations Act and appointed by the president of the United States with the advice and consent of the Senate and with the authority to administer the Wagner Act (Byars Rue, 2004). The importance of the NLRB is to prevent unfair labor practices. This board has the power to safeguard employees’ rights. The right to work law allows every American to work in an organization without belonging to a union. Only 22 states are in accordance with the right to work laws. The right to work laws focuses on individual freedom and does not bind an employee to the union. The negative aspect of this law is that Unions argue that employees not belonging to the union receive a free ride (Byars Rue, 2004). Many companies and union members are facing controversy over the right to work laws. Human resources play a vital role in collective bargaining and the union. Human resources use collective bargaining to handle ongoing issues between management and employees. The members of the human resources department receive adequate training on how to handle negotiations and disputes. Human resources are the backbone of collective bargaining. This department must be able to maintain a working relationship between the manager and the employee. The key characteristic of collective bargaining industries to make guarantee the company has a department capable of handling negotiations. In addition, negotiations must be fair and pleasing to both parties. Negotiation is a two-party transaction whereby both parties intend to resolve a conflict (Cascio, 2003). ATT, Kroger, and Ford are three companies that conduct integrative bargaining where each party benefits. ATT is the largest private employer of union workers in the United States (ATT Inc. , 2010). ATT and its union have a long tradition of mutual respect in collective bargaining agreements. Leadership from both management and the unions have a commitment to reach agreements fair to employees and provide the company the flexibility it needs in today’s highly competitive telecommunications environment (ATT National Negotiations, 2011). The contract negations between management and the unions center on wages and benefits. The company offers competitive pay, retirement, health insurance, and a host of other benefits. In return, the employees offer labor and productivity. ATT’s union, Communications Workers of America (CWA) conducts several negotiations during the same time. Both parties agree upon rules to facilitate compromises between conflicting interests over the terms and conditions of employment. The key characteristics for bargaining are to ensure employees are receiving fair treatment and communication is clear. The Kroger Company is on the verge of a new union growth initiative that will directly affect both employees and the management team. The company is building new union membership to provide excellent daily representation, protect union market share, and negotiate union contracts with strong wages, benefits, working conditions, and job protections (Kroger Connection, 2010). The message Kroger union is attempting to display is that a strong membership causes fewer problems. Representation and protection of employees is an important aspect of collective bargaining for Kroger. A key element for Kroger’s collective bargaining is to determine if the state is a right-to-work state. Establishing this factor allows members to decide hich direction to proceed in terms of bargaining. Ford and United Auto Workers (UAW) are leaders in developing a broad range of approaches to worker environment and labor –management cooperation. Negotiations are at a national and local level. Both parties address the issues concerning product quality, employee involvement, health and safety, and employee assistance (About the NPC, 2011). Employee development and training is one of the prominent sections the union and management discuss during negotiations. In November 2007, employees made a pledge to accept and finalize Ford’s new collective bargaining agreement. The agreement shows proof that by working together with UAW partners, it is possible to find solutions that collectively benefit employees, retirees, and the company (UAW, 2007). The key characteristic for Ford’s collective bargaining is to assemble a committee for the resolutions of disputes. The committee should take measures to increase productivity in the industry under collective bargaining agreements. Toyota is a company that does not participate in collective bargaining. The differences between a union company and Toyota are the benefits. The companies with unions incur higher costs. Toyota can increase wages offer bonuses, and more benefits by not conforming to a union. In a competitive environment, Toyota can pay top wages to fight off UAW organizing efforts. Toyota shows that a non-union company can compete by paying higher wages. Toyota continues to discover techniques to operate efficiently, reduce labor, and motivate employees. Wal-Mart is world’s leading grocery and has been a target of unions. Although many unions are attempting to impose collective bargaining on Wal-Mart, this company is steadfast on remaining a union free zone. Wal-Mart has the right not to partake in collective bargaining. For example, in 2000, 10 employees from a Wal-Mart meat department in Jacksonville, Texas, decided to make United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) their union. Wal-Mart refused negotiations and replaced the meat cutters with experienced employees (Wal-Mart Watch, 2011). Understanding the impact of every decision that takes place is a key element in remaining free from collective bargaining. Employers make decisions that will affect everyone in the organization. Human resources use distributive bargaining or integrative bargaining to negotiate with the union. Employees who reside in a right to work state have the opportunity to take advantage of the right to work laws, even if the employees encounter opposition. Every member of a collective bargaining organization must familiarize him or herself with the National Labor Relations Board and the Taft-Hartley Act. Moreover, Human resources should take the necessary steps to conquer collective bargaining. Companies that oppose collective bargaining must refrain from bashing unions. How to cite Collective Bargaining, Essay examples Collective Bargaining Free Essays Granville contract is due to expire soon. Therefore, we will be negotiating a new contract for the plant employees. We plan to get a commitment from the management for a strong contract comparable to the hard work done by our brothers and sisters In Granville. We will write a custom essay sample on Collective Bargaining or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our task at hand may be difficult due to the Introductory of a new plant, and technology, but, we shall persevere. The economy Is year. We would like to get our goals accomplished by working together with management through compromise and aligning our contract along with the business strategy. But, if there is a failure to reach a compromise, we will use the leverages of work slow-down, strike, and boycott. We plan to strive for better wages, dual control of technological and location change, pension increase, and the approval of the SUB plan. We have worked diligently for competitive contracts In the past and a better life for all employees nation wide. Lobbying with Congress through our affiliate unions, we have made considerable strides for all employees throughout the nation. This Includes the Family Leave Act, which granted the rights of employees to take time off to spend with a new child or sick family member. We have also worked toward the initiation of the unfair Labor Act, which granted employees the ability to bring litigation against unlawful discharge of employment. Wages Our first major issue is wages. The employees of Granville have stressed the need to have a considerable wage increase, due to the ever increasing cost of living and need for alignment with industry standards. We will strive for a competitive wage and cost of living Increase that will give the employees as larger pay scale to be accessed. As of now, 75% of our workforce is at the top of the pay scale with marginal cost of living Increases annually. We would like a major change In this area. Technology Our second major Issue Is Installation of new technology. The employees have concerns about being displaced due to new equipment being used at the Newton plant. There is not yet an official decision to move equipment or employees to that plant as of yet, but it could cause a decline in the number employed at Granville. We plan to ask the company for more specific information on their plans for the technological investments. If the equipment shall be used at Granville, we do not want any displacement, and will strive for cross-training of all skilled and semi-skilled employees. Layoffs Third, there is concern for layoffs if the technological investment affects the number employed at Granville. We will make every effort to gain approval of the SUB plan. This will allow employees knowledge of the plant downsizing or closure. It will also provide them with adequate compensation for being discharged. Employees are willing to take a $. 25 tradeoff If It Is approved. Retirement Benefits Forth, the older workers are especially concerned with this area. A 75% of pay at the will strive for these benefits due to the decline of the Social Security system in our economy. Our employees need this demand granted for the protection of their senior years. Employees are willing to acquiesce too $. 35 trade-off for increased retirement benefits. Working Conditions Lastly, the health plan, vacation, and holidays will be reviewed as possible trade-offs with management. These items will add to the living conditions of the Granville employees. The highest possible gains possible in negotiation will be sought. And in conclusion, we feel that dual participation with management is very important. A successful agreement can be reached through mutuality and compromise among OTOH parties. How to cite Collective Bargaining, Papers

Analysis of Chocolate free essay sample

However, some of the differences are clear, for example, the narrators, the character elationships, and the antagonists. This essay will specifically interpret the compare and contrast of Francis Reynaud and the Comte de Reynaud, and how their character developments throughout the story affect the climax. as well as how the plots of the two stories may Interconnect. In the novel, Manne instantly conflicts with Pere Reynaud, the controlling, arrogant, priest. Its not that Vlanne opens her chocolatena during Lent that ottends Reynaud, or that Vianne turns his loyal church goers against him, but he just cannot stand Vianne, for she makes him question himself in the eyes of God. Viannes very presence is a threat because of Its colorful, distracting ambiance. Reynaud thrives on control, and Viannes temptations threaten his control over himself His desire for power blinds him of his true religious beliefs and as the novel progresses, his temptations eventually pull him into complete insanity. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Chocolate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the movie, the writers decided downplay the religious aspects ot Pere Reynaud, and wrote in a new, younger priest, who is easily controlled by Vlannes new antagonist, the village mayor, the Comte de Reynaud, In the movie the Comte is still ery opposing to Vlanne, but far more sympathetic than Pere Reynaud from the novel. While he is still arrogant and controlling, he has good intentions Neff 2 and seems to be more down to Earth. He cares more about his town and the people, but he still resents Manne and his loss of authority. Pere Reynaud and the Comte de Reynaud do not have a lot In common, but both are In denial of truths they cannot accept. The Comte hides his heartbreak over his lost wife and the fact that he loves Caroline Clairmont, and Pere Reynaud lives with the memory of finding his mother In bed with the priest who was his mentor growing up. Although the climax of each story is similar as well, it too has its differences. In the novel, Pere Reynaud breaks Into Vlannes shop to destroy the chocolates. Finally Reynaud has a mental breakdown at the sight of the chocolate and he gorges himselt. ompletely abandoning his plan, and his dignity, and is woken up to be humiliated by the towns people, when he is found masked In chocolate the next morning. This scene is Viannes ultimate triumph: it is a glorious scene in which Reynaud Is exposed and he leaves to never be seen again. In the movie, this scene comes across as sad and sympathetic, a proud man finally lvlng In. until now, the Comte had believed h e could still save his community from Wanne if he Just worked hard enough, but in the end he only discovered hes just like his townsfolk, In the novel, Harris turns Reynaud into an animal, to be laughed at and forgiven. Vianne actually saves the Comte from public humiliation when she and the young priest swear to secrecy and they all become friends. Though the plots of each may vary, the stories may be one in the same, Just told from a third viewpoint. The novel is narrated by Vianne and Reynaud respectfully, which tells the story from both their viewpoints. But at the end of the movie it turns out that it was narrated by Viannes daughter Anouk. The movies plot may be the way Anouk remembers the story, or maybe even a version of the story she was told. A version that has been passed down and somewhat changed through time, Just as Viannes mother told her stories to Vianne, and Vianne told them to Anouk. Although who Anouk was Neff 3 telling the story to in the movie is unclear, but it can be assumed that she is older and still in the little French village of Lansquenet where the story took place. Chocolat the novel and Chocolat the movie are both great works sure to entertain heir audiences. They compliment each other well and the movie brings life to Joanne Harris magical story. Although between the two of them, still many similarities and differences can be made. This essay showcased Just a few of the many possible topics to be analyzed, and as far as a connected story goes, it is up to the reader/ viewer to decide. In conclusion, from Pere Reynauds downfall, to the Comte de Reynauds revelation, among other differences, there are far more comparisons to be discovered and explained, even some that only the movie writers and/or Joanne Harris will ever know.