The Harmful Effects Of Smoking Health And Social Care Essay

The Harmful Effects Of consume Health And Social C be EssayThere are many grown cause of consume link to health, social and psychological level which can harm the liveness of a person in great detail. For smoking passel grow the tobacco tree whose leave which are mostly bullet traind or chewed and sniffed for many different doings. brace which involves tobacco which then contains a original chemical known as nicotine. Nicotine is highly addictive chemical, and a smoking person can become a slave of nicotine for very long while if he/she is not cautious a first time. Tobacco other than nicotine contains nineteen different cancer causing chemicals, and together these chemical are called tar. mess mess for different reasons much(prenominal) as they want to produce a sense of being well, to boost their mood, and to improve short term concentration and memory. Until belatedly smoking was consider good thing, and there were many advertisements for smoking in newspaper, tel evision, and other mass media.Smoking is major health risk, however still quite a little give different reasons for smoking most of these justifications are not very reasonable. Smoking is mostly starts at young age be example teenagers think that if they start smoking they allow for be considered as mature, but of course they are wrong and causing serious health risk for themselves. Smoking by many is right smart to relax, but it comes with greater health risk for damaging the brain. Smoking is very bad habit thus it should be quitted by peck, smoking carriage dont risk their lives but lives of other which inhale the smoke (Greaves, 2002).Smoking effects differ from a person to another person depending upon exposure to chemicals of the cigarette. Smoking is not only semipublic health issue, but also it has great pecuniary cost on the nations. Until we stop smoking, more people will be addicted, more people will get sick, more families will be devastated by loss of loved one s, bring great damage to medical system of the nations. Harm of smoking on body of a person is enormous, and smoking should be ban from all public places. Smoking can easily make a body weak, and cause a slow and steady death. There many facts related to smoking and deaths, for instances in United States there were somewhat 443,000 deaths by smoking, which is about one in five death every year. It is also believed that each year more deaths happen due to smoking compared to combine the deaths by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), alcohol, suicides, unlawful drugs, murder and vehicle injuries. Due to smoking ninety percent of all lung cancer in men is caused, and eighty percent of all lung cancer deaths in women. It is also estimated that deaths ninety percent of all deaths by chronic obstructive lung diseases are caused by smoking.Human body is very vulnerable to pestiferous effects of smoking, and it can harm our heart, lungs, squanderer circulation, mug up, stomach, mouth, eyes, skin, reproduction and fertility. Smoking effect on heart and lung in very serious manner, in case of heart nicotine raises blood pressure and blood gets clot easily. Carbon monoxide raids the blood of oxygen and causes development of cholesterol deposits in artery walls. In case of lungs smoking causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which is group of disease that includes asthmatic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are well known as silent killer diseases. well-nigh of smokers dont know that they are affected by it until it is too late to save them. There is no cure for such type of diseases and almost fifteen percent of smokers develop chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Harm to blood circulation start at by smoking, and veins and arteries get hard, narrow, and also get coated by plump down deposits. This can then lead to problems such as cold skin, ulcer, cramps, pain and blockages in veins which can cause a stroke and heart attack. Smoking makes bones weak and breakable, and women need to be careful because they are more likely to suffer by osteoporosis than non-smokers. Smoking can harm stomach, eyes and skin. Stomach damages can affect vital organs in the body, and increase the chance of stomach cancer. There are even more danger for eyes such as eye diseases related to Graves ophthalmopathy, glaucoma and cataract. Worst thing which can be done by smoking is causing a permanent blindness. Smoking lessens the amount of oxygen for the skin. This can mean that skin start to age more quickly and making you look like dull and grey. Smoking effect on reproduction and fertility are very serious. Smoking can increase risk of feebleness, and can damage spermatozoon by reducing sperm count and casing testicular cancer (Team, 2009).Everybody knows the harm of smoking but nobody cares to stop it, this attitude towards smoking should be changed. Smoking is vilest habit of about 1.2 billion whic h are addicted to smoking. It has no benefit for smoker and the club. Smoking impact on society is beyond health and illness. Smoking regularly impacts the financial resources of smoker especially when people have limited resources. For instance in England stintingally poor households spend about 2.5 percent of income on smoking per week. It is believed that economic burden of smoking exceeds one percent of European GDP. Society has to pay the cost of smoking by morbidity and mortality. Direct cost of smoking is related to health care and indirect cost is related to the loss of human capital due to premature deaths, productivity losses, and unpaid income taxes. Currently estimate the tot up smoking attribute cost of two leading groups of smoking related diseases in COPD and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), amount between 105.83 to 130.31 billion euros. In Australia smoking net social cost is between 2.1 to 3.4 percent of their GDP (Kaiser S, 2009 ).Smoking effect on children and teen s are intense. Smoking passively can impair childs mightiness at mathematics and reading by leading researchers claims. Study of smoking environment is essential, and one such study shows that if people at home smoke regularly then children get low marks in test. In journal of Environmental Health Perspectives measure that exposer to smoking at home leads to cotinine in children. Cotinine is common in children by second-hand smoke. Exposer of smoking at home to children is important issue which governance must resolve to keep the childrens safe (Society Guardian, 2005 ). Teenager starts to smoke at very young age thus cause the buildup foundation of diseases in their bodies. Teenage at large think smoking as jaunty thing and get involved in smoking. Children and teenager are building blocks of our society if they are in safe environment then society are in safe environment. Implication of life is lost due to smoking, and as result average persons loses 10 to 15 minute of exquisit e life whenever smoking. Smoking is largest preventable cause of unwanted deaths around the world. Smoking cause more than twenty five diseases and most of them are life intimidating, and strappingly suspected to relate to smoking. median(a) smoking reduces the total life expectancy to 6.8 years, heavy smoking reduces the total life expectancy to 8.8 years. Furthermre smoking reduced the number of disease free life by 5.8 years. Stop smoking at age of forty and increase your life expectancy to 4.6 years(Baijal, 2010).Over the years smoking has proven harm for our society and one such harm is at psychological level. Smoking seems to take control of our mind and make us do illogical things. Some backbreaking smoking people are increasing becoming threat for their families and a burden on the society. Most smokers being during young age, and this leads to risk pickings or rebellion later in their lives. Presence of high status model and peer also leads to encouragement of smoking. Sm okers say they smoke to relieve the feeling of tenor but in truth they have higher stress level than non-smokers. Psychologist Hans Eysenck has developed a personality profile of smokers, and Extraversion is trait in smoker in which they tend to be impulsive, sociable and excitement seeking individuals (Eysenck, 1965). Psychologists also believe that personality and social factors are great causes of smoking. Now it is responsibility of government around the world to take action against smoking and ban it from public places. Governments around the world should provide quitting treatments of smoking in different society so we can eradicate the diseases from our society.In conclusion smoking is not only harmful to you but all the people around you. People who smoke have increased their chance of getting heart diseases and lung cancer. Smoking is bad addiction and as soon we can get rid of smoking its better for people around us. We should reduce the number of people who smoke in our society because it destroys our society from its core. It is absolute necessity to fully understand the harms of smoking and stop it from taking lives of virtuous peoples. The smoking should be quitted by smoker to avoid financial losses the harmful effects of health. Smoking strongly contributes to sterility thus twain male and female should discourage it. We know almost every disease which is linked to smoking and causing the deaths thus it is time to say no to harmful effects of smoking.

The Role Of The Management Accountant Accounting Essay

The Role Of The c atomic number 18 Accountant accounting EssayAt present, there is an argument about whether the aim of the counseling accountant in organisations has changed when the ancestry environs changed at the same time. The usage of forethought accountants in organisations was measured by (a) their skills requirements, and (b) the way other managers perceive them in their organisations (Tsamenyi and Yazfifar, 2005).In this essay, the author referred to a great number of literatures about this topic, and fin each(prenominal)y came to a conclusion that the architectural plan of vigilance accountant in organisations has changed momentously accompanied by the changes of occupation surroundings over these years. Recently, cargon accountants in organisations did not just execute the traditional functions such as accumulation, analysis and preparation, and play the role like the bean antipathetical and gathers of nurture that is personaful and necessary for decisi on-makers (Choi, 2002). With the developments and changes of the business environment in some decades, the role of direction accountant has changed into business partner and strategic partner, and taken the aid of interpretation, evaluation, control and involvement in decision-making (Choi, 2002).The analysisBackgroundThe status of the role of wariness accountant in organisations has been paid enough attentions in these years. Not entirely academic and professional staff made a Brobdingnagian number of chronicle literatures, but as well many related people that are not in accountancy subject provided more and more number of research evidences of this area. They all finally came to a point that the changing business environment caused the change of the role of prudence accountant in organisations. So the first aspect to research the topic is to evaluate the changes of the business environment. Further more, the second aspect is to find the changes of the role of guidance accountant in organisations. At last, the conclusion of this essay is to build a bridge between the changing business environment and the changes of the role of management accountant in organisations.The changing business environmentIf people tend to make a clear view of the change, they should get a specific experience of the business and business environment. As a sequence, this survey initially concentrated on the changing business environment. According to the management account statement professionals declared, the principle curve that caused the change of the role of management accountant in corporation is the increasingly fierce competition (Hoque et al., 2001 Krishnan et al., 2002).The new business environment just reflected this kind of competition. In the new business environment, it gave the expression to escalating globalization, fresh regulations that focused on corporate governance, changeable markets, new organizational structures, mergers and acquisitions, new man agement traffic patterns, rapid reaction speed, increasingly intelligent development technology and a potential sheer of a more elastic corporation structure because of the demand to steal with market segregation and more (Askary et al ,2008). In some surveys, people see the changes of nurture technology and organizational restructuring as the most two important issues caused the change of the role of management accountants in organizations. And new accounting software and new management style are other two signifi guttert change drivers (Tsamenyi and Yazfifar, 2005).For fashion model, a significant change of the business environment is the change of management accounting practices. There are so many new management accounting techniques had been innovated and implied in business these years. Some experts claimed that the changes of management accounting practices are administrative groundworks (Hart and Roslender, 2002). Whether these changes could be successful or not, the y are depended on how well behavioral and organizational implications are dealt with. So the process of these changes meets a huge organizational stress, clash and revolt. And these negative issues whitethorn cause failure of the innovation (Hart and Roslender, 2002). In this area, the most important issue is the innovation of Strategic charge Accounting (SMA). SMA was considered as the common-sense approach to the matters emerged in a changing business environment (Hart and Roslender, 2002). Some experts claimed accountants did a large number of benefits by using SMA to strategy formulation and implementation. Some researchers suggested accountants to change their views from traditional accounting issues to concern more business factors. Some persons seen SMA was a tool to help accountants put up their status in organizations (Hart and Roslender, 2002). As a so hot topic, there is no a common conceptual framework about SMA. One definition (Hart and Roslender, 2002) accepted by som e people isThe provision and analysis of management accounting data about a business and its competitors for use in development and monitoring the business strategy, particularly relative levels and trends in real costs and prices, volume, market share, cash flow and the proportion demanded of a firms total resources.In 1981 that SMA was found, Simmonds format a view that the role of management accountants were changed from a pure financial worker to a more important position that need to make up a business opinion and hold the ability of the understand of business environment and represent changes in competitive position to senior management (Hart and Roslender, 2002).To illustrate, intelligent information development is a more important reason that caused the change not only in the past, but also it is going to influence the role of management accountant in companies in the future even for ever (Management Accounting, 1998). Meanwhile, the development of intelligent information occurred in every industry, business aspect and country. It is an obvious trend that computers deal with more daily work (Management Accounting, 1998). People who can hold the ability to learn and master IT and apply advantages of IT to daily works in force(p)y, they will gain benefits of a broader and more flexible role, with bigger management responsibilities, and maybe more rewards, and more frequently join in business strategy (Management Accounting, 1998). The application of IT into business work impacted not only on the role of management accountant in organizations, but also on the relationship between management accounting and other function (Management Accounting, 1998).There is another specific example that could be seen as the impact of the changing business environment caused on the role of management accountant. go-ahead Resource Planning (ERP) systems are the chief innovation in the business world as an information technology for companies to get information in 1990 (Kholeif and Jack, 2007). As a result, there are a good many of researches to investigate how the ERP systems to influence management accountant on work. One decision in researches of this topic is the role of management accountants in ERP environments seems to be subject to hybridisation, that means the role poke outs to include other business and information run lowment or other people broaden their roles to take charges that accountant do (Kholeif and Jack, 2007). Consequently, the role of management accountants is changing from those traditional functions towards business partner and strategic partner. In antagonism of this, the use of ERP system yet may hurt the role of management accountant as information suppliers because the chief managers can gain information they need directly without through accountant report (Kholeif and Jack, 2007).In recent years, there is another vitally important development concept in management accounting called Balanced carte du jour. It conta ins two aspects of changes compared with old accounting system. At one hand, it introduced an incorporation of non-financial measures. At the other hand, it joined these measures with organisational strategy (Choi and Latshaw, 2002). This means the top management of corporations could use Balanced Scorecard to strengthen strategies, introduce these strategies to all of the company, and assess the organisations process that pursues the goals of the strategies. At the same time, management accountants also adopt this concept in their works. This helps them conjure their status in companies as important management team partners.The changes of the role of management accountant in organizationsIt is a well k straightwayn statement that management accounting practices that mainly include management accounting techniques, information and/or systems have nearly kept been stable in the greater part of a century (Johansson, 1990 Kaplan, 1986b). As a result, it can be concluded that tradition al management accounting practices lost the ability of gaining useful information and giving full play in management decision-making in the changing business environment. With the changing business environment, the role of management accountants in organizations also changed obviously.One obvious example of the changes of t management accountants caused by the innovation of Balanced Scorecard could be found in the article Counting More, Counting Less Transformations in the Management Accounting Profession.(Choi and Latshaw, 2002) In the essay, the authors compared engagements of management accounting professions between 1995 and 1999 about accountants in IMA (Institute of Management Accountants). They found some aspects of the changes. First, there are more people considered management accountants gain more benefits for corporations in 1999 than the number in 1995 (Choi and Latshaw, 2002). Second, more workers were aware that management accountants were not only worked for accounti ng department, they also worked in operating sections as part of business team (Choi and Latshaw, 2002). Third, professors searched that management accountants used more time in internal consulting and the most important action for them is the strategic planning (Choi and Latshaw, 2002). At last, people claimed that management accountants in companies took charges of both business partner and strategic partner. The vital reason of these changes is that management accountants in organisations take use of Balance Scorecard as a powerful tool to show their abilities to senior managers and strengthen their role as strategic partners (Choi and Latshaw, 2002).With the emergence of a specific accounting practice called Strategic Management Accounting (SMA), the role of management accountants also greeted clear changes. From the research of Bhimani and Bromwich, there two major ways of strategic management accounting One tends to cost the product attributes provided by a companys products t he other is to cost the functions in the value chain which provide value to the consumer (Bromwich Bhimani, 1994). According to findings of Inman (1999), there are some points of differences between traditional and strategic management accounting The first significant difference is the way that how cost should be cost the second difference is the cost analysis goals the last difference is the cost behavior. SMA put emphasis on the relative cost position the approach a corporate may keep a continual cost advantages and costs of differentiation. As a result, the new kind of accounting practice requires management accountants to gain more abilities and broaden their horizon from their usual work, put more eyes on general management, strategies making and implement, marketing and product development (Hart and Roslender, 2002).In modern society, intelligent information development is a common driver caused changes in many areas. The role of management accountants in organizations also c hanged with this trend. If management accountants want to be competent at their positions, they should possess the ability to stay ahead of change. They need to k promptly well the latest information technology software, as the same time get a comprehensive comprehension of the business (Anastas, 1997). Consequently, there are some changes and trends happened for management accountants. The first trend was more and more management accountants became senior managers such as chief executive officers or chief operating officers, and the responsibility of accountants also changed from just analysis of past to strategic planning (Anastas, 1997). The reason of this phenomenon was because of the ability of accountants that they can translate financial data and results to strategic planning word. The second change was under the pressure of the development of information technology, management accountants became advisors or internal consultants (Anastas, 1997). Accountants now join in the ac tivities such as creating strategies and recommendations to influence management decisions. Management accountants play the role as a pivot among different departments. Heading accountants are the centre point to ensure companies on track. The third change is management accountants increasingly involved in decision-making activities (Anastas, 1997). They no longer just do book-keeping they also make decisions for the whole company strategies. The forth change is management accountants became information managers because they are always the first consumers of new technology (Anastas, 1997). As a result, accountants normally adjusted more quickly and smoothly to new information technology than other departments in organizations. Accountants used the new technology to transform their eyes from expression backward to looking forward. So accountants could use new technology to calculate and forecast future environment the corporation will meet. Even sometimes accountants became sellers sort of that reporters as the reason that they can sell the suggestions they got from the new information about what to do in the future (Anastas, 1997).ConclusionAs been found the changes of business environment and the changes of the role of management accountants in organizations and the relationship between two kinds of changes, the conclusion could be gained. As a clear research finding, the major changes in business environment are these aspects communications and information technology, organisational restructuring, globalisation and internationalisation and improvements and new innovations of management accounting practices (Management Accounting, 1998). And the major functions of management accountants these years focused on design and improve the information systems of companies (especially understand and make use of IT system), give suggestions for business projects, join in strategic planning (plan and operate business and marketing objectives), deal with customers dema nds and taxation matters (Management Accounting, 1998). To summarise these aspects in some common and incisive points, the changes of the role of management accountants in organisations are chiefly as these respects Firstly, the role of management accountants has been changed to business partners in corporations. They joined in more and more activities in functional departments, and they also participated in the plan and renew of information. Secondly, management accountants increasingly move their location from offices towards more near to plants. Thus they can get more specifically understanding of the business. This is also a clear point about accountants now play the role as business partners and they usually joined in a project from the just beginning and decision of results, and take charge of all outcomes. Thirdly, management accountants now naturally are seen as members of management team and business managers because their unique knowledge of finance and accounting can take huge benefits for management actions (ODea and Pierce, 2003). In one sentence, the role of the management accountant has changed in recent years from traditional accounting functions to that of a strategic planner and a business partner in the changing business environment.BibliographyAnastas.M. (1997) The changing world of management accounting and financial management. Journal of Management accounting. .48-51.Askarany.D et al. (2008) Management Accountants Role in Dependent and Independent Companies Does Ownership outlet? Journal of Accounting Business Management. 15(2), .1-21.Bhimani, A. and Keshtvarz, M. H. (1999). British management accountants strategically oriented. Journal of Cost Management. 13(2), .25-31.Cable.R.J et al. (2009) Teaching future management accountants. Journal of Management accounting quarterly. 10(4), .44-50.Choi.Y and Latshaw.C.A. (2002) The Balanced Scorecard and the Accountant as a Valued Strategic Partner. Journal of Review of Business. .27-29.Hart. S.J and Roslender.R. (2002) Integrating Management accounting and marketing in the pursuit of competitive advantage the case for strategic management accounting. Journal of Critical Perspectives on Accounting. 13, .255-277.Johansson, H. (1990). Accounting System Changes. Journal of Management Accounting. .37-41.Hoque, Z., Mia, L. and Manzurul, A. (2001). Market competition, computer-aided manufacturing and use of multiple performance measures an empirical study. Journal of British Accounting Review. 33(1), .23-45.Kaplan, R. S. (1986b) The Role for Empirical Research in Management Accounting. Journal of Accounting, Organizations and Society. 11(4), .429-452.Kholeif.A and Jack.L. (2008) Enterprise Resource Planning and a contest to limit the role of management accountants A strong structuration perspective. Journal of Accounting Forum. 32, .30-45.Management Accounting. (1998) The changing role of the management accountant and its implications for qualification development. Journal of Management Accounting Magazine for Chartered Management Accountants. 76(8), .68.ODEA.T and Pierce.B. (2001) Management accounting information and the needs of managers Perceptions of managers and accountants compared. Journal of The British Accounting Review. 35, .257-290.Tayles.M and Ma.Y. (2009) On the emergence of strategic management accounting an institutional perspective. Journal of Accounting and Business Research. 39(5),.473-495.Tsamenyi.M and Yazdifar.H. (2005) Management accounting changes and the changing roles of management accountants a relative analysis between dependent and independent organizations. Journal of Accounting Organizational. 1(2), .180-198.Yazdifar. H Askarany. D Askary. S. (2008), Management Accountants Role in Dependent and Independent Companies Does Ownership Matter? Journal of Accounting Business Management, 15(2), .1-21.

The New Scenes in Hawks The Big Sleep Essay -- Movie Film Essays

In the strike version of The bounteous Sleep, Howard Hawks invents scenes and characters that do non appear in Raymond Chandlers novel. No old bookstore trist, no rough and ready female cabdriver, no winking cigargontte girl grace the pages of his book Marlowe and Vivian never talk of horses and Carmens always naked. only if not in the film. In the film, she wears clothes, Marlowe is a jockey, Vivian is a horse, and all these characters appear. Faulkner, Brackett, and Furthman write these elements into the screenplay. But they do not develop ideas the text does not already suggest. The ideas are there--just evolved into new species that echo the original animal. Hawks had to do it, for the Production Code forbid directors to present any material that was overtly sexual, violent, vulgar or differentwise, profane. Therefore, since the Hays business office regulated what Hawks could present on film, his writers embedded the censored material in new forms. Todd McCar thy explains that, the writers . . . and director . . . extracted the maximum character and suggestiveness from every situation (387). In other words, they invented and modified scenes and created characters while Hawks manipulated the mise-en-scene to suggest the forbidden ideas in Chandlers novel. Three tenets of the Production Code impact the film directly. The Hays Office states as follows 1. Sadism, homosexuality, incest, etc., should not regular be hinted at in motion pictures. 2. The treatment of low, disgusting, unpleasant, though not necessarily evil, subjects should be subject always to the dictate of good taste and a regard for the sensibilities of the audience. 3. Complete nudity is never permitted. This includes nudity in f... ...tes, but he does not present everything. Nor goat he, for the Production Code restricts what he can represent on film in 1946. For this reason, Hawks eliminated some ideas--i.e. Geigers homosexuality, Vivians violent aggressio n--entirely. But he kept the one element he felt he could not omit. In the novel, Carmens nude figure possesses an incalculable amount of energy. Hawks wanted that energy to carry the film. Therefore, he employed writers who would help him inject the power of her image into the film in ways the Hays Office would accept. Works Cited Chandler, Raymond. The Big Sleep. New York Vintage Books, 1939. McCarthy, Todd. Howard Hawks The Grey Fox of Hollywood. New York Grove Press, 1997. Moley, Raymond. The Hays Office. Indianapolis The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1945. The Big Sleep. Dir. Howard Hawks. Universal, 1946.

Peace, Prosperity and American Relative Power Capability :: essays papers

Peace, Prosperity and American Relative Power Capability There appears to be in the human race an era of unprecedented peace. perverse to the predictions that the end of the Cold warfare will bring about the fragmentation of supranational order and the emergence of multipolar rivalry among atomistic national units, today the worlds major powers racket co-operative relations and world economy is progressively liberalising and integrating. The peace and prosperity of the current era, however are sustained by the eonian operation of a iodine factor American relative power capability (Kupchan, 1998, p. 40). In this paper, a clear alien policy strategy for the coupled States of America in atomic number 63 and Eurasia will be outlined. Such an outline should be necessarily made from the perspective of American national interests. America is a global power and it has decisive global interests. The perception of the global interests of America is shaped by the desired fu ture that the American political elite is envisioning. A viable foreign policy strategy then will be simply the roadmap for achieving, to the greatest extent possible, the objectives which are substantiated by that desired future start from the present condition of the international landscape. The means to achieve these objectives are determined by the relative power capability that America has at present, as puff up as the capability self-image in the context of the international landscape of the political elite its world view. The prevailing world view often shapes the motivations of the decision-makers and consequently determines the sensed foreign policy objectives , as well as the very means to achieve these objectives. Misperception of the behaviour of other actors within the international context leads to erroneous foreign policy motivations on behalf of the decision-making elite, which in turn result in a foreign policy strategy that may be, at best(p) misguided, at spankcatastrophe. That has been the sad, costly lesson from the Cold wara global low-intensity conflict caused by a mutual misperception of threat with excessively high risk potential for escalating into a thermonuclear war. To downsize the potentiality of kindred perceptually-based geopolitical disasters, a clear understanding of the true motivations of the other actors on the international scene is vital. The true motivations can best be outlined done the inferential analysis of the foreign policy behaviour of the other actors.Peace, Prosperity and American Relative Power Capability essays papersPeace, Prosperity and American Relative Power Capability There appears to be in the world an era of unprecedented peace. Contrary to the predictions that the end of the Cold War will bring about the fragmentation of international order and the emergence of multipolar rivalry among atomistic national units, today the worlds major powers enjoy co-operative relations and worl d economy is progressively liberalising and integrating. The peace and prosperity of the current era, however are sustained by the constant operation of a single factor American relative power capability (Kupchan, 1998, p. 40). In this paper, a clear foreign policy strategy for the United States of America in Europe and Eurasia will be outlined. Such an outline should be necessarily made from the perspective of American national interests. America is a global power and it has vital global interests. The perception of the global interests of America is shaped by the desired future that the American political elite is envisioning. A viable foreign policy strategy then will be simply the roadmap for achieving, to the greatest extent possible, the objectives which are substantiated by that desired future starting from the present condition of the international landscape. The means to achieve these objectives are determined by the relative power capability that America has at pre sent, as well as the capability self-image in the context of the international landscape of the political elite its world view. The prevailing world view often shapes the motivations of the decision-makers and consequently determines the perceived foreign policy objectives , as well as the very means to achieve these objectives. Misperception of the behaviour of other actors within the international context leads to erroneous foreign policy motivations on behalf of the decision-making elite, which in turn result in a foreign policy strategy that may be, at best misguided, at worstcatastrophe. That has been the sad, costly lesson from the Cold Wara global low-intensity conflict caused by a mutual misperception of threat with excessively high risk potential for escalating into a thermonuclear war. To downsize the potentiality of similar perceptually-based geopolitical disasters, a clear understanding of the true motivations of the other actors on the international scene is vi tal. The true motivations can best be outlined through the inferential analysis of the foreign policy behaviour of the other actors.

James Baldwins Writing Technique Essay -- James Baldwin

The Baldwin TechniqueJames Baldwin is highly regarded as one of the great writers of his time. In the Notes of a Native Son he describes a very influential moment in his life. The essays setting takes place during the Harlem riots in sunrise(prenominal) York City and Detroit. The riot in late York all began due the fatal shooting of a young African American boy by a white police force officer. Protesters began to protest the police brutality, but then fights and looting broke out when some protesters became unruly. Baldwins essay reflects upon his interactions and feelings with and about his father. He analyzes how his father affected him and talks about what bod of person his father was. He also reflects on the impact of his fathers death. All the while, within the essay, Baldwin uses different techniques in decree to obtain and capture his readers. He primarily makes his essay a narrative. However, he also incorporates his analysis, which usually stem from his use of binarie s and contrasts. His use of repetitive words also plays a plumping part in his style. All of those techniques all intertwined in a way that will help the reader understand Baldwin and his ideas a lot clearer. His combination of some(prenominal) narrative and analysis can be viewed in the very first paragraph. Baldwin begins his essay by stating that fact that his father died on the July 29, 1943. Right after stating that fact, he mentions the rioting, which occurred in Detroit and in Harlem about a month before the death of his father. Baldwin incorporates the events that are going on around him in his narrative as a way to set up the environment for the reader. The rioting and other events that Baldwin speaks of is his way of explaining, or even rationalizing his feelings during tha... ... to compare himself with his father. He made the riots in Harlem and Detroit versus the police role similar qualities to his relationship with his father. Baldwins word choosing is also very e ffective in Notes of a Native Son. He italicizes certain words in order to portray his emotions towards a situation without even having to go into an in-depth explanation. Lastly, Baldwins most obvious trait in weaving both narrative and analytical pen is the use of word repetition. He continually used the strongest word that he could think of (hate) and just repeat it over and over again. The main thing to broadsheet is that Baldwin uses the same word not only through his narrative but also within his analysis.Works Cited Baldwin, James. Notes of a Native Son. 1955. James Baldwin Collected Essays. Ed. ToniMorrison. New York Library of America, 1998. 63-84.

Across Five Aprils By Irene Hunt :: essays research papers

Across Five Aprils By Irene HuntAcross Five Aprils by Irene Hunt is ab forth how the civil war weeping apart a family during the hard times of the civil war. There were 239 pages it this story. The bulk follows the life of Jethro Creighton, a puppylike farm boy in rural Illinois as he grows from a protected and provided for nine year old, to a educated and respectable young adult during the chaos of the civil war. In the beginning of the book Jethro has an incorrect idea of what war is like. Jethro knows little about war except that of what he has heard from old war heroes tales. His brothers get packed away mavin by one to different sides of the war. Not until then does he realize through conversation at home and haunting letters from his brothers on the strife plain stitch, the true horror of war. One brother (whom is only really an orphaned cousin) is a deserter. Jethro writes to Abraham Lincoln in a effort to keep his brother and family out of trouble with the law. Another one of Jethros brothers joins the confederacy which goes against all opinions and beliefs formed by the Creighton family and surrounding community. At first the Creightons disagree but they come to a decisiveness and decide to respect and accept his choice of beliefs . This causes an upset with surrounding neighbors and they become destructive and rude. Attempts to ruin the life of the Creighton family are made because of their decision.Meanwhile his sister jenny wishes to marry Shadrach Yale before he leaves for war. Even though he is a very close friend of the family, her father declines their request because he feels she is too young and wont allow her to marry Shadrach or anyone. He and Jenny continue to plan a wedding and he writes Jenny from his station on the battle field and further tension grows between the family and Shadrachs intentions of marrying.

Womens Rights :: Women Empowerment

Today women and men right are equal in the United States of America. Not long ago, there was a great difference in the treatment of men and women. Women provided care for the children and usually remained at home. Their education was especial(a) to learning domestic skills. There were few opportunities for women to obtain an education because only a few colleges or universities would accept a female. Women had no access to positions of power. They were non allowed to enter professions such as medicine or law. They thought they were totally dependent on men.For the Industrial Revolution women were a really important role. This was the antecedent of their independence, although factory conditions were very bad and their pay, were lower than mens, meant that lower-class women could become wage earners in factories. At the same time middle and upper-class women were expected to puzzle at home as idle, decorative symbols of their husbands economic success. Such conditions encourag ed the feminist operation. With industrialization happening rapidly in Great Britain and U.S feminism was more successful. In 1848 more than 100 persons held the first womens rights convention, at Seneca Falls, New York. Led by the supporter Lucretia Mott and the feminist Elizabeth Cady Stanton, they demanded equal rights, including the vote and an end to the double standard. The look of working women increased virtually after the two world wars, but had low paid, female- dominated occupations, such as school teachers and clerical work. Women were not in time allowed to vote until August 1920.In the 1960s how ever so, changing demographic, economic and social patterns encouraged a resurgence of feminism. As working women encountered discrimination in many forms. The womens movement also questioned social institutions and moral values, basing many of its arguments on scientific studies suggesting that most supposed differences between men and women result not from biology, but fr om culture.In the archaean 70s active feminists organized womens rights groups, ranging from the moderate National Organization for Women, founded in 1966 and claiming about 250,000 members to smaller, more radical groups. Private and governmental efforts covered in November 1977, when the largest convention of women ever held in the U.