Challenges for E-Learners

Challenges for E-Learners Distance learning, sometimes called e-learning is here defined as interactive learning in which the learning content is available online and provides automatic feedback to the students learning activities. Online communication with real people may or may not be included, but the focus of e- learning is usually more on the learning content than on communication between learners and tutors. Distance learning and its relationship to emerging computer technologies have together offered many promises to the field of education. In practice however, the combination often falls short of what it attempts to accomplish. Some of the shortcomings are due to problems with the technology; others have more to do with administration, instructional methods, or students. Despite the problems, many users like technologies such as compressed video and see continued growth in the area. However, distance learning is no such advantage is that it is easy, a person can study without attending classes or lectures, while working or doing some other course. It is also a good alternative for housewives who are not able to enroll into courses because they have to take care of young children, just deal with computers and have their own time to learn and also can communicate with tutors and peers via online such as email, forum and chat. . In distance education courses, you would be provided with study material and also would have to submit assignments on time. These assignments would be assessed by professors who would send you feedback. However, if you are planning to enroll into distance learning, you need to to know about some of the distance learning pros and cons. Like every good thing, even distance learning has some disadvantages that can make it seem a little inconvenient for people. The problem may be due to factors balance between personal and learning problems. If students cannot adapt to the system of distance learning, they will face a different problem. In addition, lack of knowledge and skills about using technology and computers, language skills, especially English language, disorganized way of learning to mix work problems, family and study time. These are some of the distance learning advantages and disadvantages. Before making a decision, it is important to weigh the distance learning pros and cons. Though distance learning can be termed as a useful and convenient way to gain knowledge and to higher ones qualification, whether it would benefit you would entirely depend upon your personality and attitude. Here we will discuss in more detail about the problems faced by online learners and solutions or suggestions can be followed so that any problems that arise can be resolved satisfactorily. So it is important to identify the problem faced by online learners because without this knowledge, maybe the learners will lose their focus and motivation THREE MAIN PROBLEMS FACED BY BEGINNING ONLINE LEARNERS Despite the promises and obvious advantages to distance learning, there are problems that need to be resolved. These problems include balancing the combination of work, family and education, study habits and lack of skills in technology. Each one of these has an effect on the overall quality of distance learning as a product. In many ways, each of these issues relates to the others. This is one of the major problem which will make them think twice before decide to advance their study. The first problem faced by online distance learners is in balancing the combination of work and education. Most of the open and distance learner usually have many commitments and responsibilities that they must attend while doing their educational goals. Many of them are married, work full time and of course have children. If not carried out, all of this can cause the student drop out from their learning. Job responsibility is already intimidating, let alone the family and the learning, so adult learners have limited time to do their study. The task of balancing all of the above responsibility is truly challenging for most of them. The second issue is in acquiring go online distance study habits. The students everyday environment is very distracting for most of the students. Unlike traditional university students who are always in their learning community which supports them most of the time, online distance students are not. Distractions such as friends asking for night supper and wife demanding to go shopping at the mall every weekend are among other distractions faced by students. Acquiring some time in a day to study is quite a hard task to complete. Online distance learners also have a hard time in being independent and responsible to their own self. Most of the time, there is no one around to monitor the students learning process. The openness of the online distance program gives students the freedom to do their learning process whenever they like but most of the time, procrastination is the culprit. Unfocused view of their learning goals also will make the students act irresponsibly towards their learnin g. The third issue is online distance learners also face problems in recognizing and mastering strengths and skills in Information Technology (IT). In online distance learning, technology is the main conduit which information and communication flow. A computer with internet access is usually needed for this process and its application will need the user to master certain level of acquirement. Some of these problems arise from a lack of training, some from the instructors attitudes about using the technology, and still others by hardware problems. It seems to be self evident that instructors need to be trained to use distance learning technology, but too often they are not. The student will also need to have some basic writing skills and go online distance command of English language. Unfortunately, not all of the students possess the above skills. THREE LOGICAL AND PRACTICAL SUGGESTION ON WAY TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE THE PROBLEMS FACED BY BEGINNING ONLINE LEARNERS Adults students mostly do not have the luxury of attending college on a full time basis because of their work and family obligations. They often experience problems which, if not overcome, can result in the derailing of their educational goals. There are things that they can do though to help overcome the typical problems that arise. The first solution is learners must manage and plan themselves effectively in order to balancing work, family and study. They have to apply smart time management. Avoiding procrastinating a must. They must be more responsible and have a focused view towards learning. They must also learn to improve themselves in areas they are lacking ( such as writing skills, computer skills, note taking skills and English language skills) because not all skills will be taught by the tutor. They need to motivate their own self by setting achievable goals and have a positive attitude. The second solutions are start with less demanding course. There tends to be some challenging courses that must be completed by students, there is rarely a requirement that these should be the first ones studied. Therefore, start with less challenging ones that you find more enjoyable initially so as to build confidence. This assists in getting used to the college atmosphere and the demands of course work again. Furthermore, every student make a study calender to detailing examination dates and assignment due dates on a dedicated calender helps to avoid the rushing of assignments at the last minutes or exam cram sessions. Proper preparation leads to good grades, while inadequate planning results in failure. The third solutions are make sure that internet access is readily available. Study today is dependent on the internet, forum, e-mail and etc as intermediate communication. The ability to access library databases and complete research online is the basis of succeeding. Also, electronic access eliminates the requirement of spending many hours working on campus, you can study from home instead. The practical suggestion on way to reduce problem faced by online learners are problem solving skills. It gives the opportunity to develop other useful learning skills such as like practice specific procedures and put theoretical use when develop reasoning abilities and creativity in finding answers. Other method also like develop learners understanding of underlying principles and make research topic in detail. Resolving a study problem may go through the following stages as like review of information. Define problem, relate available information to the problem with design a work plan and methodology and monitor outcomes. Encourage them to make a strategy for developing their problem solving skills, which could include reviewing their own effectiveness in this area, identifying the main steps of the problem solving process, identifying the criteria against which to judge the standard or quality of outcomes, looking at the problem in different ways, simplifying it, making comparisons with researching information and consulting people to establish critical thinking, choosing and using methods to tackle the problem and taking into account factors that may affect problem solving plans recording information in useful way. CONCLUSION The problem faced by beginning online learners is such as like is in balancing the combination of work and education. Most of the open and distance education students are older, have jobs and families, so they are should know how to manage time properly and which one are the priority. The second issue is in acquiring go online distance study habits. The students everyday environment is very distracting for most of the students. Unlike traditional university students who are always in their learning community which supports them most of the time, online distance students are not, so they must should make a study calender so that proper preparation leads to good grades, while inadequate planning can get failure result. Online distance learners also have a hard time in being independent and responsible to their own self. All the student online learners have to solve all this problem with their own way and also have to take more responsibility on their study. The third issue is problems in recognizing and mastering strengths and skills. They must also learn to improve themselves in areas they are lacking such as writing skills, computer skills, English language skills because not all skills will be taught by tutor. So students should find their own alternatives to enhance the skills. If you know if this entire problem cannot resolve maybe something might happen in the future. For example, online learners maybe will fail with their study or get bad result and waste their money and time to study. As student online learners we should have aim for success in our study. Our goals are for every course participant to succeed, leave the course looking at the surrounding world with the perspective of a scientist, feel confident using science in his or her own learning, and know how to support inquiry-based learning in his or her own classroom. APPENDIX 1 Distance Learning With the history of distance learning encompassing so many different learning environments, we need to find a definition that fits in all situations. There have been many definitions put forward in modern literature. Greenberg (1998) defines contemporary distance learning as a planned teaching/learning experience that uses a wide spectrum of technologies to reach learners at a distance and is designed to encourage learner interaction and certification of learning. Teaster and Blieszner (1999) say the term distance learning has been applied to many instructional methods: however, its primary distinction is that the teacher and the learner are separate in space and possibly time. Desmond Keegan (1995) gives the most thorough definition. He says that distance education and training result from the technological separation of teacher and learner which frees the student from the necessity of traveling to a fixed place, at a fixed time, to meet a fixed person, in order to be trained. From these definitions we can see that the student and teacher are separated by space, but not necessarily by time. This would include compressed video, which is delivered in real time. As stated earlier, this type of live video instruction is the fastest growing means of distance learning today. Because of this, much of the discussion here will be dedicated to the promises and problems of this technology. APPENDIX 2 The Reality of Adult Learners Online I was somewhat concerned about the students and the lack of personal attention they would be receiving through my online course. Since I did not know them, I didnt know their learning styles or cultural differences. Adult learners in particular have different learning styles and cultural backgrounds, and they may feel they are being left out of learning activities (Baloglu, 2007). Thus, distance learning may cause a psychological, as well as a physical, gap (Durrington, Berryhill, Swafford, 2006). Students may feel lonely, and a lack of face-to-face communication and competition can affect their motivation. Barriers for adult learners are categorized as situational, institutional, and dispositional. A persons circumstances in life at any given time are considered potential situational barriers. Different policies and practices may make course participation more difficult are considered institutional barriers. Students attitudes about their own abilities to succeed are considered dispositional barriers. These barriers present additional obstacles for adult learners who attempt to obtain an advanced degree (Spellman, 2007). I found these adult learners, who were teachers, to be motivated and very timely in turning in their assignments and posting on Blackboard. Having them complete assignments that benefited their theses made them even more enthusiastic about completing the work. They all asked questions and sought clarification about things they didnt understand. They also did an excellent job commenting on the other students posts. By the end of the course, I could see a definite improvement in the content of their article evaluations. I think they were learning from one another. The adult learners I taught were clearly self-directed and able to be autonomous. They had life knowledge and were goal-oriented. It seems they wanted to see the relevance and application of their education, were practical, needed respect, needed feedback, and had to be interested in the subject matter (Council for Adult and Experiential Learning, 2000; Henick, 1994). The reasons adult learners obtain a post-secondary degree tend to differ from those of traditional students. Adult learners typically want to advance in an organization. An additional degree also makes them more marketable and competitive in the job market and allows them to change careers (Milheim, 2005).

Breaking Norms

Breaking Norms Over the first few weeks of the semester we have gone over many topics such as mores, taboos, rules, regulations, and laws. But there is one topic that stood out the most and that was the idea of norms. Norms are much more different than that of mores, taboos, rules, regulations, and laws. Rules, regulations, and laws are clearly defined and outlined rules that the public must abide by. Mores are a set of norms that define fundameental ideas about what is considered right, wrong, or moral.Taboos are norms that society strongly holds so much that violating one would result in extreme disgust. But norms on the other hand are quiet different. Norms as defined by the text are the informal, unwritten rules that guide people's behavior. Last week we were given the assignment to pick a norm of our liking that didn't include breaking any laws, taboos, or mores. After taking time to truly think over which social norm I would break I chose one that particularly gets under my ski n and that was sitting next to someone in an open area.To break this norm I would go to an rea that was a sparsely populated with pretty open seating and instead of sitting far away from people as most people would, I would choose to sit right next or at least closer than most. I chose to conduct my experiment at Laurel Park Mall in Livonia near my mother's job. Like I stated before I hate when there is an abundance of seats to choose from and someone chooses to sit next to me especially if I that person I a complete stranger. Before I did the experiment I felt really weird because I knew that this was gonna be really awkward and I knew how people were gonna feel because Breaking norms The first norm that I broke was done at a busy street downtown. I was with my friend to help me evaluate the reaction of the people around me when I was doing the thing. I planned to execute the â€Å"breaking norm activity† during rush hour so that I would be able to get good reactions since many people are walking the busy street. As my friend and I arrived at the busy street, I lied down like a dead person at the middle of the street where hundreds of people are passing by. As soon as I lied down, a woman at my back was frightened that I just automatically feel down in front of her.However, she had soon recovered from her shocked reaction when I smiled at her and continued what I am doing. Many people had bumped each other so that they would not step on me. I was surprised that even though I laid there like a silly man, several people still considered me since they had been very careful not to step on me. The lying down like a silly man or even like a dead man continued for almost thirty minutes. For half an hour, I already created a secluded part in the middle of the busy street. I even extended for another thirty minutes of lying down at the busy street.It was then a woman together with a five-year old kid passed by. Maybe out of curiosity of the five-year-old boy, he came back to where I am lying. He was holding an ice cold coca-cola can. He tried to touch me and waited for my reaction. When I tried to ignore him and have not responded to his touch, he desperately touched my hand with the ice-cold cola he was holding. I was shocked that I shouted ouch! to the boy. He was frightened in just a couple of seconds but had recovered when her mother approached her already.I felt sorry for the kid but I pretended that I do not have any reaction to what happened. I even have heard the mother talking to her child. She said that next time, do not talk to strangers or do not ever approached anyone especially if the person feels like stupid or the person is lik e a mentally disturbed one. I chuckled to the thought that I looked like a mentally disabled person. For one hour of lying there in the middle of the street I have realized that some people are still (â€Å"Breaking Norms) (â€Å"Page # 2)considerate of the people around them whereas some people also are frightened of the consequences that stupid or mentally disabled people can do to their children. I have also realized that children are keen observer and they always do something to get attention from the people around them. The second activity I have done for breaking the norm was in the beach. Over the weekends, I went to a popular beach to execute my assignment. As I arrived to the beach, I surveyed the area and the first thing I secured is the presence of lifeguards.I saw three lifeguards visible at their posts securing that everything is fine in the water. Then I estimated that people in the beach doing their own activities are quite enough for me get attention. As I have sec ured everything that I need for the success of the activity, I ran to the water and went to the part where the water level is just below my shoulders. The tides were small and it is not dangerous for me to act as if I am drowning. I can swim well so that if my plan will not work I will be able to save my own self. I acted even more by raising my hands and really pretended that I am drowning.At the count of three, I heard someone near me shouting for help. Help! Help! Someone is drowning! Then immediately, a couple of the beach goers helped me to get near the shore. When my lifesavers and I were half way to the shore, the lifeguards arrived. It was then when I realized that lifeguards on that beach are not that fat to rescue if ever there are problems on the water. One of the lifeguards asked me if I am just fine or I need some medicine or first aid to keep me calm. I said that I am just fine and thanked them. I also thanked the couple who saved my life.I sat down at the shore and wa tched the people on the water. I have observed that for almost five to ten minutes, there is tension in the water. The children went on the shore to observe, the same thing as what I did. The parents or the adults have also observed somehow to make sure that the water is safe for them to enjoy swimming. The norm that I had just done is sociologically (â€Å"Breaking Norms) (â€Å"Page # 3) inappropriate since I have ruined the day of those swimmers. They somehow had a frightened reaction because of what happened.The incident also created a realization in my part that lifeguards were not the first to rescue in scenarios like that. I hope that I was only mistaken. Social norms when broken sometimes require some punishment from authorities. The punishment will depend upon how heavy was the action or mistake done (Asbourne). Reference: Ashbourne, Craig. â€Å"The Punishment for Breaking Norms or Trans-Phobia†Swimming Against the (Main)stream Current (2007). 11 June 2007 < http: //swimmingagainstthemainstream. blogspot. com/2007/02/punishment-for-breaking- norms-or-trans. html>

The Number One Question You Must Ask for Organizational Behavior Essay Topics

The Number One Question You Must Ask for Organizational Behavior Essay Topics What's more, it is but part of the entire cloth of an organization. People generally don't like change, meaning that transformation within an organization is often resisted by workers. America is thought to be absolutely the most diverse nation on the planet because we attract various people with unique values, beliefs, religions, etc.. The origin of the change might be of importance, as this will decide on the future leader of the scenario. The Appeal of Organizational Behavior Essay Topics You might even prefer it this manner. Keeping employees happy is about communicating effectively and helping every person to know where they stand. Then finally yet importantly, the individual would need to model what they would like to see in their workplace. At this time you must discover what people actually think of your organization. The management should be prepared to step in and be persistent and be in a position to work to reduce the employee turnover rate. Therefore, managers have to develop diagnostic abilities and be trained to recognize conditions symptomatic of an issue requiring more attention. The environment may signify a steady job which requires one to do similar forms of work at a daily pace. Additionally, there are likely to be some employee turnover when there's a management change due to a conflict in personalities. These members may come to understand the worth of the organization. Cultures in an organization are a few of the hardest things to change in an organization. These informal alliances can enable you to better achieve your objectives. Thus, it may assist the organization stagnate at this moment. This section of your essay is going to have a great deal of information about ways to approach people in numerous situations on the job. There are several essay topics that you may select from. To succeed, students will want to find a minumum of one source of information linked to their topics. Just take a look at the list and get a fantastic topic for your thesis. Individual behaviour is not as predictable and much more difficult to analyze and process, because every human is unique, but studying it is a whole lot more rewarding. 4 crucial forces affecting Organizational Behavior and it's applied. Knowing the behavior of one person is a challenge. Predict the outcome of unethical behavior at work. Employees that have more motivation to be successful within a firm's framework are more inclined to have effective, organizationally aligned behaviors than people that have less motivation. With the usage of organizational behavior concepts in regard to Ott, Parks and Simpson, an organization can have the ability to acquire important info about how to develop itself. While working in an organization, it's very important to comprehend others behavior along with make others understand ours. Function of a manger to keep your eye on the human resource of the business. Companies will need to put money into organizational behavior because it supplies the insights required for them to run smoothly and effectively. The notion of looking scientifically at behavior and productivity in the workplace with the aim of growing the quantity and caliber of work an employee can get done, alongside the notion that workers weren't interchangeable resources but were instead unique regarding their p sychology and possible fit with a provider. Through all this, you can refer back to a few of the more accessible research on organizational behavior to work out precisely what your company requirements. These essays are always about the suitable comprehension of how employees behave within a business atmosphere. Many people believe that by obtaining a psychology degree they can then develop into a psychologist without delay. In respect to individuals and groups, researchers attempt to ascertain why folks behave the way that they do. Organizational behavior offers a great deal of flexibility for jobs and career choices, but students have to establish what direction they need to go,'' Kalnbach states. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Organizational Behavior Essay Topics Students get SPSS assignments on a wide selection of topics and subjects. They can learn the practical application of SPSS and get the best advantage out of it with the help of our experts. They only need to download according to their feasibility. They need to interpret the raw data into feasible information in order to make decisions.

Eric Schlossers Fast Food Nation And The Jungle - 1698 Words

Fast food restaurants exude bright colors, distribute meals with toys, and create a sense of happiness, but what truly goes on behind the scenes of this magical industry? In Eric Schlosser’s Fast Food Nation and Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, the authors use similar rhetorical strategies to reveal the motives and unconventional practices of the food industry. Schlosser conveys his purpose through the utilization of pathos, ethos, anecdotes and imagery as compared to Sinclair who uses historical references and figurative language as well as imagery and pathos. Schlosser exposes the fast food industry’s behind the scenes operations through the use of imagery. Schlosser illustrates the horrors of the fast food industry’s practices throughout†¦show more content†¦Schlosser employs anecdotes in order to evoke emotion from his readers to achieve his purpose. One anecdote the author includes is the story of Alex Donley, a six year old boy. Alex Donley ate a â€Å"tainted hamburger† from Jack-in-the-box that led him to become infected with â€Å"E. coli 0157:H7†(Schlosser 200). This disease obliterated his entire body and progressed rapidly. Alex died within five days. The author uses anecdotes such as Alex’s to evoke sympathy and fear from his readers, especially parents with young children. The stories make parents and anyone who buys fast food reconsider what they are putting in their bodies for if a young boy can die from a simple burger, then what’s to prevent others, kids, or even oneâ€⠄¢s self from becoming the next victim in the vicious industry that is fast food? The use of anecdotes ultimately helps the author unveil the beast that is the fast food industry by pulling on the heartstrings of Americans. The author displays the harsh actuality of the fast food industry through the use of ethos. Schlosser’s writing in Fast Food Nation is from a first person point of view for the most part due to the fact that the anecdotes and people that are mentioned throughout the book are people or stories the author has witnessed himself, heard from the source himself, or met himself. For instance, Kenny is a man that is introduced in Chapter 8. Kenny worked for a meatpacking company and met with Schlosser for an interview. Kenny, during theShow MoreRelatedFast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pagesmake then at first glance. Eric Schlosser’s book Fast Food Nation delves deep into the intricate workings of the fast food industry to expose mistreatment and cruelty towards workers in the business, just as Upton Sinclair had done in the early 1900’s regarding the meat packing industry. Schlosser is able to bring light to the darkness behind the All-American meal through extensive research and personal confrontations of which he has high regards for. Fast Food Nation is a good literary nonfictionRead MoreFast Food Nation Synthesis823 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica. As found by Steven Greenhouse of the New York times, â€Å"†¦the nation’s meat packing industry has such bad working conditions that it violates basic human and worker rights.† Ever since the publication of the famous book by Upton Sainclair--The Jungle— people all over the world have found it necessary for inspections to be considered and for changes to be done with little success. Workers in today’s plants seem to have the same problems that were faced almost 100 years ago. The Appleseed CenterRead MoreFast Food Nation2114 Words   |  9 PagesThe story of the fast food industry and its effect on the world is well told in the book Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser. Schlosser makes the claim that, what started out as a special treat for the kids eventually ended up defining a way of life. During a brief period of time, the fast food industry has helped transform not only the American diet, but also our countryside, economy, workforce, and popula r culture. The book thoroughly describes how important the two factors of money and power areRead MoreEssay on The American Dream in The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, Jr.967 Words   |  4 Pagespolitics† (dictionary.com). Upton Sinclair gained fame in the early 1900’s from his muckraking novel, The Jungle, describing the life of a young Lithuanian immigrant, Jurgis, living in Chicago in pursuit of the American dream. Jurgis found out that America isn’t as good as it appeared; with higher wages came more expensive goods, and with cheaper houses came higher interest rates. The Jungle, a fictional novel, tells of the real horrors of working in a Chicago meat packing factory. Sinclair had goneRead MoreFast Food Nation1487 Words   |  6 PagesThe Changing of the Food Industry â€Å"In many respects, the fast food industry embodies the best and worst of American capitalism at the start of the twenty-first century – its constant stream of new products and innovations, its widening gulf between gulf between rich and poor† (Schlosser 6). In 2001 Eric Schlosser published â€Å"Fast Food Nation.† Eric Schlosser’s early 21st century muckraking text, â€Å"Fast Food Nation,† attempts to shed light on the consequences of the fast food industry on AmericanRead MoreAnalysis Of Upton Sinclair s The Grapes Of Wrath 3839 Words   |  16 Pagesexploit the plight of the â€Å"American worker† beginning in the early nineteen hundreds include muckraker Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath. The quandaries that plague the characters of the aforementioned novels parallel that of modern day exposà ©s, such as Class Matters, by Bill Keller, Nickel and Dimed, by Barbara Ehrenreich, and Fa st Food Nation, by Eric Schlosser, all of which harness and expose the falsehood of The American Dream as a result of wage slavery, class separationRead MoreFast Food Industry By Eric Schlosser3535 Words   |  15 PagesEstrella Introduction 1. Eric Schlosser chose the topic of fast food industry because he became quite inspired after reading an article about illegal immigrants in a strawberry field and how they a suffered in the process. The article was based on an investigation that was placed on the fields while they worked. It was also based on the immense impact that this industry had on society. Schlosser wanted to as said in his book â€Å"shed light† to the world on how successful hard working industry worksRead MoreEssay on Will Fast Food be the Death of Us?4357 Words   |  18 PagesThe American food industry has evolved in ways that may not be distinguishable to the human palate, but hopefully remain distinguishable to the human conscience. With all the options now available to company executives, citizens must be sure to keep them from abusing their powers and continuing to harm employees, mistreat animals, and kill consumers. The best ways are to promote public discourse and to make the most of th e power of the consumer by thoughtfully deciding where to spend their hard-earned

Transformation In Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises

Ernest Hemingway’s novel, The Sun Also Rises, is a story that may seem underwhelming to the average audience, for to them the characters seem linear and are full of cliches, the story builds up to an anticlimactic ending, and it makes the reader contemplate the whole point of the adventure. But to the person with a palette for literature, The Sun Also Rises is everything but a bore; it is a ride of emotion, symbolism, progression, and character development, adding to that an ending that leaves the reader nodding in appreciation of how everything wraps up perfectly in a complete thematic message. The many aspects of Hemingways work that truly makes him such a masterful writer is in the nuances between the lines of his work. It is not a†¦show more content†¦Jake Barnes, on the other hand, was a soldier during World War I and has witnessed all there has to see about the brutal nature of humanity. He is forever scarred by impotence because of his war injury and therefore, will never be the same again. In a conversation with Georgette, Jake claims that â€Å"everybody’s sick. I’m sick, too.†(23) which demonstrates Jake’s atmosphere of melancholy when he makes a blanket statement under the assumption that everyone is miserable. Jake lost his innocence on the battlefield, and therefore, he always lived his live with a pessimistic outlook, illustrating the disparity between his and Robert’s personality that stemmed from their respective backgrounds. Another way that Hemingway demonstrates the opposite nature of Jake’s and Cohn’s character is through their character progression and development. Clearly, Robert Cohn is a dynamic character who undergoes significant change from the beginning of the story to the end. Cohn was wide-eyed innocent and had this figment of imagination that any relationship he gets into will be a happy, ideal one. However, clearly Cohn’s perspective has changed throughout the story. At first, it changed subtly after Cohn breaks up with his fiancee Frances, where Cohn was content with the breakup because he never truly loved Frances. But then, after being outed by Brett who Cohn believed wasShow MoreRelated Critiques of Ernest Hemingways Novel, Death in the Afternoon1434 Words   |  6 PagesCritiques of Ernest Hemingways Novel, Death in the Afternoon Ernest Hemingways Death in the Afternoon shows a new side of Hemingways writing which initially disappointed the critics. Published in 1932, Death in the Afternoon was not the expected fictional novel, but instead was more of a nonfiction description of bullfighting and Spanish culture in the 1920s and 1930s. In Curtis Pattersons words, It is a tripartite work: bullfighting in Spain, plus semi-autobiographical details ofRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises Annotated Bibliography1782 Words   |  8 PagesErnest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises A Transformation Of Values Mara L. Tyler American Literature II In The Sun Also Rises, during the transition of society from World War I to post-war, values transformed from the â€Å"old-fashioned† system of what was morally acceptable to a system that held the basic belief that anything of value, whether tangible or intangible, could be exchanged for something of equal value. This novel specifically pinpoints the transformation of the values of money, alcoholRead More Hemingways The Sun Also Rises Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesHemingways The Sun Also Rises The title and narrative focus of Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises are rooted in a passage from the Ecclesiastes. In referencing this book of the Hebrew Bible, Hemingway resorts to aged scripture to unearth steadfast truths. His novel uses old-world beliefs to provide a solution for modern day issues, asserting the undeniable value of tradition. The applicability of the Ecclesiastes passage to Hemingway’s portrait of hopelessness in the post-Great War generationRead MoreThe Role Of Women In Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises1284 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst the fairer sex. The struggle for men to assert power is prevalent in Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, as the mentally-ill patients, led by Randle McMurphy, strive to remove Nurse Ratched’s subordination. Furthermore, Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises explores the role reversal of power in the sexes, through the adventures of expatriates in post-WWI Europe. Despite be ing written decades apart, Kesey and Hemingway both explore the concept of sexual empowerment and degradation in bothRead MoreThe Influence of Realism and Naturalism on 20th Century American Fiction2205 Words   |  9 Pagespresenting the basic ideas and of these literary genres, literary examples of each, and then make connections between the two literary movements. Realism Modernism not only depicted American society after World War I accurately and unbiasedly, but also tried to find the solutions brought upon by the suffering created by the war (Elliott 705). The realistic movement of the late 19th century saw authors accurately depict life and its problems. Realists attempted to give a comprehensive pictureRead MoreThe Failure Of Women s Consciousness2178 Words   |  9 PagesThe Failure of Women’s Consciousness Wakening -From The Sun Also Rises to The Weather Underground In The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemmingway created Lady Brett Ashley in the picture of the New Woman—attractive, uncontrolled and independent. Brett is regarded to be one of the many female characters that represents the rising women’s consciousness in the early twentieth century. It was indeed true that as the liberation movement progressed further, women got more involved in the society and startedRead More Mythology and Archetypes in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird2536 Words   |  11 Pagesmodern society), represents the black communities lack of power and strength; however, all is not negative: Tom has a fundamental morality and a strong sense of integrity and empathy, and it can be implied that the community he represents does also. Benjy Compton and Tom Robinson are both examples of the same archetype: the individual who stands for an entire select citizenry.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Harper Lee might have drawn on other examples of this archetype, that of crippled character portrayingRead MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pages....................................................................... 9 Artists, Authors, and Musicians: Bob Dylan (â€Å"The Prophet of Rock and Roll†) .......................................................................................... 11 Ernest Hemingway (Troubled, brilliant author and war reporter) ............................................................ 13 Frank Lloyd Wright (America’s legendary architect) ..........................................................................

Educating the Public about the Other Genders Free Essays

Issues about gender inequality and segregation have been dragging all the institutions, particularly schools and the workplace, over time (Blackwell, 2003; Albelda, 1986; Anker, 1998; Peace, 2003; Lester, 2008). At first, these issues were merely between men and women. We will write a custom essay sample on Educating the Public about the Other Genders or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, there are other genders claiming for equality with the two socially accepted genders. Unequal opportunities, violence, and social injustices against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) are still subjects of other gender’s struggle nowadays (Sloan Gustavsson, 1998). In addition, a number of arguments about lesbian and gay parenting, same-sex marriage and other familial rights tend to intensify other genders’ claim for equality, whereas in lesbian and gay parenting, the society is questioning their capability of serving as a role model of children at home (Hicks, 2008; Clarke, 2001; Hicks McDermott, 1999; Nicol Smith, 2008; Ghoshal, 2009). Gender critics and gender sensitive organizations are lobbying that if only the public has been educated regarding the existence and concerns of LGBT, then inequality and violence against these populations will be lessened and will be eradicated, if possible. The Other Genders Initially, there were two socially accepted genders: men and women. Now lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender are claiming acceptance from the society.   Many psychological, biological and medical studies are conducted to explain and analyze the other manifestations of sexuality among the two primary genders (men and women), yet the most widely accepted analysis is that of Robert J. Stoller which argued that, A person’s physical sexual attributes, mental attitudes and objects of desire could â€Å"vary independently of one another†; so that â€Å"a man with predominantly male characteristics and also masculine in his erotic life may still be inverted in respect to his object, loving only men instead of women† (cited in Glover, 2002). Such statement explains the psychological cases of LGBT; even if they possess the physical sexual attributes these populations tend to think and act the other way contradictory of what is expected of them being a man or a woman. School Curriculum and Gender Studies The growing numbers of LGBT at young age (10 years old and below) alarmed many institutions particularly those concern in education and health care. Gender critics urge the inclusion of a gender-sensitive curriculum in all education institutions since most of the national school curricula manifests gender inequalities which uphold a â€Å"hegemonic male† dominance within a State and around the world (Arnot, 2002; Marshall Arnot, 2008; Peace, 2003). Previously, the courses being offered in all colleges and universities manifested gender inequality; for instance, there were separate courses for women and for men. Women are now entitled to take men’s courses and vice versa. Moreover, the titles â€Å"Baccalaureate† and â€Å"Masters Degree† connote the dominance of men in earlier education system. Also significant in the system of education is the prohibition of women to become school administrator not until the passage of 1972 Title IX of the Education Amendments (Meritz, 2006). It has been identified that the church is responsible for the patriarchal education and to the flight of women and LGBT for acceptance and equality (Pray, 1847). At present, LGBT are seeking their place in education curriculum to avoid gender preference being provided only for men and women. Homophobia in School and Nursing Environment There have been claims that education institutions are the best and safe place for LGBT youth, yet most studies conducted found that schools are usually a place of harassment where these populations are often victimized by peers and even by their teachers (Sloan, 1998). Many researches stated that most teachers and education professionals are not ready to address and affirm the needs of LGBT people; thus, their heterosexual students are likely to show negative attitudes toward the LGBT population (Macgillivray Jennings, 2008; Blackburn Donelson 2004; Szalacha, 2004; Robinson Ferfolja, 2001; Kozik-Rosabal Macgillivray, 2000; Roffman, 2000; Casper Schults, 1999; Petrovic, 1998; Maney Cain, 1997). Analyzing the trend, studies also discovered that, compared to heterosexual women, heterosexual men are more likely to be prejudiced against LGBT (Herek, 1988; Ratcliff, Lassiter, Markman Snyder, 2006; Bem, 1993). How to cite Educating the Public about the Other Genders, Papers

Cross-Cultural Management Communication Collective programming

Question: Describe about the Cross-Cultural Management Communication for Collective programming. Answer: Introduction The purpose of the study is to focus on the lessons, which has taught in twelve weeks about the Cross-Cultural Management and Communication. Cross-Cultural Communication refers to the processes through which people overcome the differences between cultures with communication. I have selected three topics from the lessons on which I will discuss my opinions and understanding about the topics to evaluate the issues regarding that. Discussion Topic 1: What is Culture and Cross-Cultural Communication? (Week 1) Summary The lesson of the first week enabled me to understand the definition of culture and its impacts on the regular life, especially in the organisational culture. According to Adler, (1983), culture is a very complex concept that defines the collective programming of the mind including the feelings, thinking and acting, to distinguish people from each other. This helped me to determine the need for proper understanding of cross-cultural communication in the context of a business organisation to develop the cross-cultural skills and team management capability. The lesson has taught me about the cross-cultures in the organisations to apply the intercultural communications processes in the company to increase the business without any hindrance. Therefore, the issues the organisations are facing, regarding managing the multicultural people in their company is explained here to overcome the situation. Theoretical Reflection The lesson has taught me about the cross-cultural communication that helps to overcome the challenges in the organisations, which rise from the variations of the cultures of the organisations. This is the main issue of this topic, which has stirred me. If the issue continues, then the business organisations have to face many challenges regarding the communication. As culture differs from person to person, therefore it is quiet natural that an organisation will consist various people from different backgrounds. Therefore, the conceptual developments of the topic have helped me to highlight the cultural issues with the theories of cross-cultural communication. Now the question has raised here about the main issue of team management in an organisation that has fallen in a risky situation recently. It can be cleared with the theoretical knowledge of the topic. The conception of culture has derived from the Latin word colere that mean the tilling of the soil like in agriculture. Generally, it refers to the feelings, thinking and acting of an individual while in business world, it refers to the attitudes and behaviour of corporations. As opined by Hofstede, (1993), over last twenty years the organisations are trying to understand the cross-cultural communication concept to implement them in their companies to solve the cultural problem. Therefore, the lesson has made me enable to enhance my knowledge on the concept. The culture can be two types, one type is High Context Culture and the other one is Low Context Culture (Hofstede et al. 2010). The first one refers to the cultures that rely on the non-verbal and subtle situational communications and the other one defines the communications conveyed by words. Therefore, culture will be different if the country will be changed. As the organisations are now engaging themselves in the international business, therefore the main aim of the corporate are to abolish the cultural differences from the organisation. According to the perceptions of the cross-cultural communication the organisations mainly faces the problems like, ethnocentrism, discriminations, cultural imposition, stereotyping, cultural blindness and tone difference (Hofstede et al. 2010). These are the main issues that a company faces due to the presence of the various cultures among the employees. All these are the hindrance in the way to success to attain the organisational goals and to achieve the sustainability in business. These challenges can be overcome through implementing various strategies in the company. The lesson has developed the knowledge regarding the cross-cultural challenges in the company by applyi ng intercultural sensitivity, intercultural communication and intercultural communication skill (Johnson yet al. 2006). I have learnt the solutions too from this lesson. The processes by which the companies can solve this intercultural issue in the company with studying other cultures and languages to enhance knowledge about them. It will help them to understand others culture to abolish the differences between them. Practical Reflection Cross-Cultural communication has applied in the companies to solve the problems about the cultural diversity in the organisations. As the companies are trying to invest their money in the international market to increase the business of the organisations, therefore they are trying to sort out the problem regarding cultural diversity to establish a good environment in the company. Wesfarmers, Woolworths are the companies that have used the cross-cultural communication to solve the problems regarding this fact (International Business: Toward a Definition and a Model). Therefore, I have analysed the issue properly to improve the organisational culture to increase the profits in the business. For those of us who are inhabitant English-speakers, it is opportune that English seems to be the language that people use if they want to reach the widest possible audience (Zander et al. 2016). Therefore, it can be said that the lesson has taught us about the importance of the cross-cultural commu nication in the organisational level. Conclusion The study has enabled me to know about the concept of culture and its origin from where the concept has incorporated in business world. Therefore, the lessons have taught me about the processes of the applications of Cross-Cultural communication in the organisations to gain the profit in business. As the companies are now trying to expand their business internationally, therefore, they have to face many hindrances regarding cross culture. The organisations have to implement the strategies to resolve the cultural issues in the organisations among the employees to gain the maximum profit from their work. Moreover, it has increased my knowledge about the implementation of cross-cultural communication. Topic 2: Cross-Cultural Skills and Abilities (Week 7) Summary Cross-Cultural skills and abilities are the competencies that are required to improve the organisational culture in the company. The abilities and skills in a person that make enable to work in a multicultural environment is the key competency of that person. This helps the organisation to practice the cross-cultural communication. The lesson of this week has taught me about the requirement of skills and abilities to solve the problems regarding cultural issues (Caligiuri, 2000). Therefore, I have gained knowledge about the improvement procedures in an organisation to gain the profit in business. Various models and theories on culture, which has explained in this lesson, have helped me to understand the competencies that are required for developing the organisational culture. The study has revealed that in recent time the employers are finding the people to work in their organisation who have the experience in the cross-cultural skills. Therefore, the discussion of various skills and ability to accept and adopt the cross-cultural communication has given me the knowledge about this. Theoretical Reflection As the lesson has taught me about the skills and abilities of the cross-cultural communication therefore, I have found the main issue in this context is the competency level of the employees. It has clearly showed that the organisations in recent time are hiring the people who are experienced in the cross-cultural environment (Johnson et al. 2006). Therefore, the people who have a set of skills to cope up with the cross-cultural organisational culture are fit for the posts. However, the people who have not the ability of providing the cross-cultural aspects in the organisational basis, they have to enhance the competency of the employees. The organisations are now searching for the employees who are already experienced in the cross-cultural zone to interact with any place and environment with their competency of cultural prospect. Sometimes the employees can understand the cultural variety within the country but at the time they go abroad, then their ability become imperfect in context of that and become inappropriate choice in order to achieve objectives (Lin et al. 2012). Cross-Cultural Skills and Strengths: The abilities and skills, which are required to strengthen the cross-cultural competency, are connected with succeeding in cross-cultural environments include cultural understanding, elasticity and compliance, Cross-cultural communication skills, optimistic attitude and spirit. It can make decisions in the face of vagueness or uncertainty, inquisitiveness and open-mindedness, zeal for learning and new experiences, aptitude to quickly set up and build trust and sturdy relationship building skills (Moore et al. 2012). Demonstrating Those Skills and Strengths for the company: These are the possible effective skills and abilities, which are required within a person to acquire the cross-cultural communication for an organisation. Despite the fact that the above list is not comprehensive, if a person is able to display most of these skills and strengths they are more likely to be seen as potential candidates for overseas positions (Yamazaki Kayes, 2004). However, the good explanation of this study is that through this no one has the need of this, to spent time overseas to demonstrate many of these qualities or skills. The everyday life is enough to develop these facts. The employees can share about times when their flexibility or adaptability in a challenging situation helped them to defeat obstacles and attain results. The people could cite their ability to build trust or strong relationships was an essential part of congregation key objectives. On the other hand, they can report on the processes that able to make some quick decisions in the face of indecision to drag the team through a difficult situation to meet goals (Lin et al. 2012). Practical Reflection I have learnt the skills and an ability that is needed for developing the cross-cultural communication is important for the organisations to increase business. Knowing the local language is not necessary in every country, but process of learning some languages is irrelevant. In the countries like Arabic and Mandarin, knowing the language is not essential and not appropriate for the fearful. According to the lesson, it can be said that the lesson of acquiring a local language is less relevant at the time when the employee is going to take an agreement with any outside country, then they have to know the language properly to complete the business deal. It the countries like United Arab Emirates, where the world of business and education is dependent on English, which is widely spoken in those countries (Lin et al. 2012). The zeal to learn is more important rather than actually learning that. A mere welcome in someone else's language or the ability to say "thank you" or "you are welcome " projects humility, admiration and openness (Johnson et al. 2006). Effectively noticing nonverbal cues is also an important part of getting to know how other cultures convey subtle messages. Gestures may mean completely different things in different countries, and blunders by the uninitiated may lead to much embarrassment all around. In some countries, the gesture of "thumbs up" hand signal is showing good luck while in some countries it is noted to be vulgar sign. Likewise, the hand sign of "zero" is a simple gesture in France whether in Brazil it is very offensive (Johnson et al. 2006). I have seen South Asian employees suspect a manager of being incompetent when he asked for their suggestions. Therefore, the Conclusion The study has explained me the topics of Cross-Cultural Communications and its impact on the organisational culture. In the part, the lesson was on the competency levels of the employees who have to develop their skills and abilities to improve the organisational cultural environment. Therefore, from this study I have gained the knowledge about the required skills and abilities to gain more profit with implementing those in the organisation. Topic 3: Cross-Cultural Communication: Nonverbal Code (Week 6) Summary In this week, the lesson on the non-verbal communication has taught me about maintaining the cross-cultural communication in an organisation to get the profit from the processes. Therefore, the non-verbal communication elements are discussed in the lesson to make us able to know about the non-verbal communications that influence the business a lot. I have developed an idea whether the countries and various body gestures can affect the business and organisational culture (Hall Hall, 1990). I have learnt the issues that many organisations are facing in running their business because of this non-verbal communication gap and misunderstanding. The organisations are now trying to overcome this misunderstanding through developing the non-verbal communication. Therefore, the study has transmitted the ideas about various ways of non-verbal communication to implement in the organisational culture to increase the business level. Theoretical Reflection The lesson has discussed about the non-verbal communications in various organisations regarding the business behaviours. I have found the main issue regarding this topic is the communication between the different cultural corporate heads and the different process of country wise. Therefore, the discussion in the lesson on the variations of the non-verbal communication has influenced the organisational culture as well as the business growth. The study has explained that there are many facial expressions, hand gestures, body positioning, silence, eye contact, and intonation and body postures to express the non-verbal communication (Korac et al. 2001). However, I have felt that the meaning of these communication procedures is different in every culture. If one body posture means politeness for a country, it can be used in another country to express violence. Therefore, the misunderstanding can be emerged from a very simple gesture or body language that can affect the business. If in a c ompany the employees are come from different cultural background, then it is very normal to misunderstand each other (LaFrance Mayo, 1978). It will lead the company towards a weak work culture with unity less employees. For instance, we have found the different use of this non-verbal communication in the countries of Australia and Japan where the same communication style is used for different purpose. In Australia, the silence is believed to be the sigh of inability for doing any work while the same paralanguage non-verbal communication refers to deep thinking in Japan. According to Hall and Hall, (1990), the non-verbal communications are mostly expressed in two types one is Paralanguage and other one is Extra linguistic communication. The first one is expressed through the volume of speaking, speed of talking, interruptions, intonation, silence and words emphasis. On the other hand, the second one refers to the kinetics and oculesics. The paralanguage communications are depending on the speech tone and processes in which the people interact with others. It defines the different attitude of a person while communicating through these processes. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in an organisational culture to create a good business environment in the place. As opined by Korac et al., (2001), there are more processes of non-verbal communications, which helps to improve the communications in cross-cultural environment as well as creates hindrances in the way to success. Paralanguage communication is one of the parts of this that refers to the study o f vocal cues and speech behaviour. Haptics is the variations of touch and its amount that affects one with need, receiving, tolerance and initiative. I have found the colour related communication that is done with the study where the impact of messages sent and received through colour indicators who are called Colorics. On the other hand, the process of Olfactis refers the study of smell on the communication behaviour. Proxemics is the process in which the people position themselves in a situation. Additionally, the Kinesics is the study of human movement and gestures in different situations. According to LaFrance and Mayo, (1978), the other non-verbal communication processes are appearance (dress), interpersonal distance, eye contact, food symbolism and meals, attitude toward time and voice tone differences. All these can refer the cultural differences, which is a part of cross-culture. Practical Reflection The practical expression of this lesson on my mind has enabled me to understand the cross-cultural differences in the organisation. We can find many practical examples about this non-verbal communication process that has led a misunderstanding among the people for being wrongly used in wrong place. The gesture of victory sign expressed by the hand, which is used by the President George H.W. Bush in Australia (Korac et al. 2001). The use of his victory sign has wrongly interpreted in the country and the chaos has risen in the country. On the other hand, the IMF Managing Director Michel Camdessus in Indonesia has held the cross hand posture during the Asian Financial crisis. It has a wrong implication to the people about his intentions. Another incident that has faced the same non-verbal communication problem during the World War II was Winston Churchill when he also wrongly used the victory gesture. Therefore, it can be proved that the communication problem has created many misunderst anding situations in the organisations. The lesson has helped me to understand the applications of this cross-culture that is creating many problems and misunderstanding in the business (Korac et al., 2001). Therefore, I have to solve the problem in this condition to make the companies culturally corrected with implying the proper theories to make the employees culturally improved. I have developed the knowledge about the various non-verbal processes to understand the cultural differences of the countries. As for example, I can state the eye contact as the communication process. In Arab, Latin Europe the eye contact is considered to express intensity while in Northern Europe and North America it is considered to express firm mind state. Therefore, the study has enabled me to identify the issues regarding non-verbal communication processes and then has analysed the theories on it to find out the solution to increase the profitability in business. Conclusion The part of this study has explained the non-verbal communication styles in a cross-cultural organisation that had helped me to improve the quality of the business in the organisation. However, it has not successfully presented the ideas and processes to meet the ultimate goal of attaining a cross-cultural environment in an organisation. I have gained the theoretical knowledge about the cross-cultural elements and its impact on the professionalism of the employees. In the last topic, the non-verbal communications has discussed in the class that has increased my understanding about the processes in which way culture can affect the organisation. Reference List A review and integration of competencies for successful expatriate adaptation. Academy of Management Learning Education, 3 (4): 362à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 379. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36: 541à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 552. Adler, N.J. (1983). A typology of management studies involving culture. Journal of and rossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cultural adjustment. Management International Review, 40 (1): 61à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 80. and education. TESOL Quarterly, 19 (2): 259à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 282. Business Studies, 37 (4): 525à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 543. Business Studies, 37 (4): 525à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 543. Caligiuri, P.M. (2000). Selecting expatriates for personality characteristics: A cultural identity. 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